1. Forms which have the same meaning and an identical phonemic form in all their occurances constitute a single morpheme.
Same meaning and identical phonemic form in all their occurrences constitute a single morpheme.
e.g. :
morpheme ‘dis’ (the meaning is ‘not’)
a. Dis + agree = disagree
b. Dis + honest = dishonest
c. Dia + able = disable
d. Teacher
e. Writer
f. Conductor
g. Author
h. Advisor
We can see from above examples that ‘dis’, 'er', 'or' in every occurance has the same phonemic form (dis) (er) (or) and the same meaning as well (not) (doer).
2. Forms which have the same meaning but they differ in their phonemic form may constitute a single morpheme as long as the distribution of the differences is phonologically definable.
e. g. :
morpheme ‘be’ can be in the form of ‘is’, ‘am’, ‘are’, ‘was’, ‘were’ which is different in phonetic form but having the same meaning. They constitute a single morpheme as long as the distribution of the differences is phonologically definable.
a. He is a student.
b. I am a student.
c. You are a student.
d. She was a student.
e. They were students.
f. Books.
g. Bags.
h. Watches.
3. Homophonous forms with distinctly different meanings constitute different morphemes.
e. g. :
a. See and sea
b. Bare and bear
c. Table (furniture) and table (delay)
d. Book (reserve) and book (stationery)
The word ‘table’ in the first example can’t occupy the environment occupied by the word ‘table’ in the second example, vice versa. Because their meaning are different.
1. We table the conference due to the bad condition.
2. I put the book on the table.
The same rules and pattern can be implemented in the second example. That is book.
1. Mr Dahlan books a train ticket to Bogor.
2. The student buys a book from the bookstore.
4. Homophonous forms which have related meanings constitute a single morpheme if the meaning classes are paralleled by distributional differences.
e.g. :
a. They cook (verb) a noodle.
b. He is my cook (noun).
Water-water
Form – meaning composed
1. Homonym
Form = same
Meaning = different
Spelling = same
e.g.: watch (see) and watch (wrist watch)
mine (tambang) and mine (kepunyaan)
sink and sink
2.
Homophone
Form = same
Meaning = different
Spelling = different
e.g. : rode and road
flour and flower
3.
Homograph
Form = different
Meaning = different
Spelling = same
e.g. : present and present
tear and tear
4.
Synonym
Form = different
Meaning = same
Spelling = different
e.g. : small = little
smart = clever
5.
Antonym
Form = different
Meaning = different (opposite)
Spelling = different
*gradable antonym
Big >< small
Happy >< sad
*ungradable antonym
Male ><female
Live >< die
*
Husband >< wife
Father >< mother
Teacher >< student
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